Q: "I would appreciate ... some reliable information regarding how residential solar water-heating systems can qualify for a 30 percent federal tax credit, while qualified tank-less hot-water heaters can earn up to a $1,500 federal credit." -- Alberto.
A: Solar water heaters are on the list of solar- and wind-powered appliances, and other super-efficient machinery, that qualify for a substantial federal tax credit. In the case of solar water heaters, it is 30 percent of the cost. The credit applies to primary and secondary residences (no rentals), existing and new construction. It does not apply to solar pool heaters. A 30 percent tax credit, up to $1,500, applies to tank-less gas water heaters in existing, primary residences. Electric water heaters do not qualify, tank-less or not.
The tax credit is sizeable when it comes to solar water heaters that cost between $2,500 and $5,000. However, most El Pasoans heat their water with cheap natural gas, so solar water heaters don't make a lot of economic sense here -- unless you live out in the county and use more-expensive propane gas to heat your water.
Of course, there are other reasons one might want to switch to a solar water heater. It's better for the environment, as solar energy is a renewable resource and doesn't create harmful byproducts. It's safer than having a propane tank sitting on your property. And solar energy gives users a certain measure of energy independence, though not complete self-reliance. Since current technology hasn't come up with a satisfying way to store solar energy for later, anything powered by the sun needs more conventional gas or electric back up for cloudy days. The tax credit applies if more than half the energy dispensed to heat water comes from the sun.
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